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HOLE 7- Francisco I. Madero (1873-1913) was born into one of the wealthiest families
in Mexico. A businessman, politician, and writer, he became the 37th president of Mexico
from 1911 until he was deposed in a right-wing coup d’etat in 1913, and was assassinated.
Today, Madero is seen as a hero and the father of the Mexican Revolution. Naive and ide-
alistic, he was honest and decent, and did much to set in motion reforms that would close
the gap between rich and poor in Mexico.
HOLE 8- Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) a mestizo peasant, he became a Mexican
revolutionary and champion of the rural poor. He organized a small force to help Francisco
I. Madero unseat dictator Porfirio Díaz. He left Madero and, with a small group of revolu-
tionaries, fought for the “Plan de Ayala” until his death in 1919. As a promoter of agrarian
equality, social justice, and freedom, his slogan “Land and Liberty” still rings out today as
farmers battle the large ejidos. 37
